Ko te Vinyl Acetate (Val), e kiia ana ko te Vinyl Acetate, he waikawa ranei te waikawa i te pāmahana me te pehanga o te C4H6O2 me te taumaha whanaunga o te 86.9. I te wa, ko tetahi o nga rauemi mataora katoa i roto i te ao, ka taea te whakaputa i nga taapiri penei i te polyvinyl acetate pentin (pvac), me te policrylonitrile. Ko enei taangata e whakamahia nuitia ana i roto i te hanga, kakano, miihini, rongoa, me nga whakapai oneone. Na te tere o te whanaketanga o te umanga tata nei, kua whakaatuhia e te hanga o te vinyl Acetate te ahua o te tau ki te tau 2018. I tenei wa, na te mana o nga taonga mata me Ko nga tukanga, ko nga huarahi whakaputa o te vinyl Acetate te nuinga kei roto ko te tikanga acytylene me te tikanga a te kai.
1, te tikanga acyylene
I te 1912, F. Klate, a Canadian, i kitea e ia te AceTate AceTate ma te nui o te waikawa acyylene me te waikawa acetic i raro i te 60 ki te 100 ℃, me te whakamahi i nga tote me te whakamahi. I te tau 1921, i hangaia e te Kamupene CEIME CEI he hangarau mo te kohinga waahanga o te vapor o Vinyl Acetate mai i te acetylene me te waikawa acetic. Mai i tera wa, kua whakatauhia e nga kairangahau mai i nga whenua nga tikanga me nga tikanga mo te whakahiato o te vinyl acetate mai i te acetylene. I te tau 1928, i whakapumautia e te kamupene homechy he 12 kt / he waahanga hanga actate acetate acetate, te whakatutukitanga i te hanga nui-nui o te tipu vinyl acetate. Ko te whārite mo te whakaputa Vinyl Acetate na te tikanga acetylene e whai ake nei:
Te tauhohenga matua:

Pānga taha:

Ko te tikanga aCEylenene ka wehea ki te tikanga waahanga wai me te tikanga o te hau hau.
Ko te ahua o te waahanga o te waahanga Acedylene wai ko te wai, ko te kaiwhakanao he tank tauhohenga me te taputapu whakaoho. Na te ngoikoretanga o te tikanga waahanga wai penei i te iti o te hua me te maha o nga hua, kua whakakapihia e tenei tikanga e te tikanga o te waahanga ACEylene Gas i tenei wa.
E ai ki nga momo ahuatanga o te whakarite hau Acetylene, ka taea te wehewehe i te tikanga o te ACEEDENE hau ki roto i te tikanga ACEEDENE ACELENE ACELENE me te Carbide Achorlene WACONE.
Ko te mahinga o te rohe e whakamahi ana i te waikawa acetic hei adsorbent, ka tino pai ake te whakamahi i a Acetylene. Heoi, ko tenei huarahi hangarau he uaua ki te utu me te utu i nga utu nui, na reira ka noho tenei tikanga ki nga waahanga e whai hua ana i nga rauemi hau taiao.
The Wacker process utilizes acetylene and acetic acid produced from calcium carbide as raw materials, using a catalyst with activated carbon as carrier and zinc acetate as active component, to synthesize VAc under atmospheric pressure and reaction temperature of 170~230 ℃. He ngawari noa te hangarau tukatuka, he iti nga utu o te whakaputa, engari he ngoikore te ahua o nga waahanga uaua, he ngoikore te kaha, me te kaha o te kaha.
2, te mahi a te tauira
Ko te ahurune, te hāora, me te waikawa hakihaki matotoru e toru nga rauemi mata e whakamahia ana i roto i te huringa ethylene o te tukanga acatate vinyl. Ko te waahanga matua o te catalyst ko te nuinga o te waahanga whakarewa tuuturu rangatira, e tau ana ki tetahi pāmahana me te pehanga. Whai muri i te tukatuka o muri, ko te hua whaainga Vinyl Acetate i te mutunga. Ko te whārite tauhohenga e whai ake nei:
Te tauhohenga matua:

Pānga taha:

Ko te tikanga o te raupapatanga a te Bayer Corporation a i tukuna ki te hanga vinyl Acetate i te Raru me Bayer Corporation i roto i te United States i Amerika. Ko te nuinga o te palladium, te koura ranei e utaina ana i runga i nga tautoko o te waikawa, penei i te radius o te 4-5mm, me te taapiri o te nui o te konutai. Ko te tikanga mo te whakahiatotanga o te vinyl acetate ma te whakamahi i te tikanga o te Bayer USI he rite ki te tikanga Bayer, ka wehea kia rua nga waahanga: whakahiato me te whakakaha. Ko te mahi a te USI i tutuki i te tono ahumahi i te 1969. Ko nga waahanga kaha o te catalyst ko Platinum, ko Platinum te Platium Acetate, he tautoko i te kaiwhakarato alumina. Ko nga ahuatanga o te tauhohenga he ngawari noa iho, he roa te ora ratonga, engari he iti te hua o te wa. I whakaritea ki te tikanga aCyEnlene, kua tino pai ake te tikanga o te Ethylene Vapor i roto i te hangarau, me nga kaiwhakatakoto i whakamahia i roto i te tikanga ethylene kia pai ake te mahi me te whakapai ake. Heoi, me tirotiro tonu te kinetics tauhohenga me te miihini ngoikore.
Ko te hanga o te vinyl acetate ma te whakamahi i te tikanga ethylene e whakamahi ana i te reanga moenga o te moenga o te moenga e whakakiia ana ki te catalyst. Ka uru te hau kai ki te tihi mai i te tihi, a ka uru atu ki te moenga catalyst ki te whakaputa i te hua whaainga Vinyl me te iti o te hauhā. Na te ahua o te tauhohenga, ka whakauruhia te wai mamao ki te taha anga o te kaiwhakamaori ki te tango i te wera o te tauhohenga ma te whakamahi i te kohu wai.
I whakaritea ki te tikanga acyylene, ko te tikanga a te tauira o te hanganga taputapu whakahiato, he nui te kaha o te kaha, me te aukati i te hua o te hua. Ko te kounga hua he pai ake, ko te ahuatanga o te kohukohu kaore i te tino kino. Na reira, ko te tikanga o te Taha Tahua i whakakapi i te tikanga Acerylene i muri i te 1970. I runga i nga tatauranga kaore i oti, tata ki te 70% o te wa i hangaia e te tikanga a te Ethylene i roto i te ao kua riro hei tohu mo nga tikanga whakaputa vaur.
I tenei wa, ko te hangarau whakaputa hokohoko tino pai i roto i te ao ko te tukanga peke a BP me te mahi a te Celanese. I whakaritea ki te huringa o te papaa o te moenga mo te moenga o te moenga tuku iho, kua tino pai ake enei hangarau tukatuka e rua i te kaupapa, ki te whakapai ake i te ohanga me te haumaru o te mahi.
Kua whakawhanakehia e Celanese tetahi tukanga whakatipuranga hou mo te whakatau i nga raru o te tohatoha moenga mo te waatea me te iti o te hurihanga o te tauira. Ko te reanga i whakamahia i roto i tenei mahi he moenga pumau, engari kua whakarahihia nga taputapu whakaora ki te hau o te hiku, te whakararu i nga ngoikoretanga o nga mahi moenga tuku iho. Ko te hua o te hua Vinyl Acetate he tino teitei ake i tera taputapu rite. Ko te mahinga catalyst e whakamahi ana i te konukawata ko te waahanga kaha, ko Silica Gel te kaiwhakaora i te kaihaka, me etahi atu kaihoahoa hei utu mo te lashadymium me te nedymium me te neydyemium me te nedymium. Whakaritea ki nga kaitakawaenga tuku iho, te kōwhiringa, te ngohe, me te tuku waahi-waahi o te catalyst kua pai ake.
Kua whakawhanakehia e BP Amoco tetahi tukanga raupapatanga o te riipene a te rephyne e tino kitea ana, e kiia ana hoki ko te 250 kt / he waeine moenga hurihuri i Hull, Ingarangi. Ko te whakamahi i tenei tikanga ki te whakaputa i te utu o te vinyl hei whakaheke i te utu whakaputa i te 30%, a ko te hua o te waahi o te kaata (1858-2744 g / (l · (l · (l · (l · (l · (l · (l · (l · (l · (l · (l · (l · (l · (l · (l · (l · (l · (l · (l · (l · -1200 g / (l · H-1)).
Ko te tikanga a te leprocess e whakamahi ana i te kaiwhakanao moenga mo te wa tuatahi, kei a ia nga painga e whai ake nei ki te reeti moenga:
1) I roto i te reactor moenga hurihuri, ko te catalyst tonu te whakaranu, ka uru ki te wehewehe i te kaiwhakatairanga o te kaiwhakatairanga i te kaiwhakatairanga i roto i te kaiwhakatairanga.
2) Ka taea e te kaiwhakanao o te moenga whakairoiro te whakakapi tonu i te cataly detalyst me te cataly hou i raro i nga tikanga whakahaere.
3) He rite tonu te pāmahana tauhohenga o te moenga, te whakaiti i te whakakorekoretanga i te taha o te rohe, na reira e tuku ana i te koiora ratonga o te catalyst.
4) Ko te tikanga tangohanga wera i whakamahia i roto i te reeti o te moenga hurihuri ka whakatika i te hanganga reactor me te whakaiti i tana rōrahi. I etahi atu kupu, ka taea te whakamahi i te hoahoa urupare kotahi mo nga whakaurunga matū nui-nui, ka pai ake te whakapai ake i te kaha o te taputapu.