Ko te Vinyl acetate (VAc), e mohiotia ana ko te vinyl acetate, te vinyl acetate ranei, he wai marama kore tae i te pāmahana me te pehanga noa, me te tauira ngota o te C4H6O2 me te taumaha ngota o te 86.9.Ko te VAc, ko tetahi o nga rawa pararopi e whakamahia nuitia ana i roto i te ao, ka taea te whakaputa pärönaki pënei i te polyvinyl acetate resin (PVAc), te waipiro polyvinyl (PVA), me te polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ma te polymerization whaiaro, copolymerization ranei me etahi atu monomers.Ka whakamahia nuitia enei hua ki te hanga, ki nga kakano, ki nga miihini, ki te rongoa, ki te whakapai i te oneone.Na te tere o te whakawhanaketanga o te ahumahi tauranga i nga tau kua pahure ake nei, ko te hanga o te vinyl acetate kua whakaatu i te ahua o te piki haere o ia tau, me te katoa o te hanga o te vinyl acetate ka tae ki te 1970kt i te 2018. I tenei wa, na te awe o nga rauemi mata me te nga tukanga, ko nga huarahi whakaputa o te acetate vinyl ko te tikanga acetylene me te tikanga ethylene.
1, tukanga acetylene
I te tau 1912, i kitea tuatahi e F. Klatte, he tangata Kanata, te acetate vinyl ma te whakamahi i te acetylene me te waikawa acetic i raro i te pehanga hau, i te mahana mai i te 60 ki te 100 ℃, me te whakamahi i nga tote mercury hei whakakorikori.I te tau 1921, i whakawhanakehia e te Kamupene CEI Tiamana tetahi hangarau mo te whakahiatotanga o te wahanga kohu o te acetate vinyl mai i te acetylene me te waikawa acetic.Mai i tera wa, ko nga kairangahau mai i nga whenua maha kua arotau tonu i nga mahi me nga tikanga mo te whakahiatotanga o te vinyl acetate mai i te acetylene.I te tau 1928, i whakatuu te Kamupene Hoechst o Tiamana i te 12 kt/a vinyl acetate production unit, me te mohio ki te hanga ahumahi nui-nui o te vinyl acetate.Ko te whārite mō te hanga vinyl acetate mā te tikanga acetylene e whai ake nei:
Tauhohenga matua:

Painga taha:

Kua wehea te tikanga acetylene ki te tikanga wahanga wai me te tikanga wahanga hau.
Ko te ahua o te wahanga reactant o te tikanga wahanga wai acetylene he wai, a ko te reactor he tank tauhohenga me te taputapu whakaoho.Na nga ngoikoretanga o te tikanga waahanga wai penei i te iti o te whiriwhiringa me te maha o nga hua, kua whakakapihia tenei tikanga e te tikanga wahanga hau acetylene i naianei.
E ai ki nga puna rereke o te whakarite hau acetylene, ka taea te wehea te tikanga wahanga hau acetylene ki te tikanga acetylene Borden hau maori me te tikanga carbide acetylene Wacker.
Ko te tukanga Borden e whakamahi ana i te waikawa acetic hei adsorbent, e tino pai ake ai te tere o te whakamahi o te acetylene.Heoi, he uaua tenei huarahi mahi me te utu nui, no reira he painga tenei tikanga ki nga waahi e whai rawa ana i nga rawa hau.
Ko te tukanga Wacker e whakamahi ana i te acetylene me te waikawa acetic i puta mai i te konupūmā carbide hei rauemi mata, ma te whakamahi i te whakakorikori me te waro whakahohe hei kawe me te zinc acetate hei waahanga kaha, hei whakahiato i te VAc i raro i te pehanga hau me te pāmahana tauhohenga o te 170~230 ℃.He ngawari noa te hangarau o te mahi, he iti te utu o te whakaputa, engari he ngoikoretanga penei i te ngaro o nga waahanga kaha whakakorikori, he ngoikore te pumau, te nui o te kohi hiko, me te nui o te parahanga.
2, te tukanga Ethylene
Ko te Ethylene, te hāora, me te waikawa acetic glacial e toru nga rauemi mata e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakahiato ethylene o te tukanga acetate vinyl.Ko te wahanga kaha matua o te whakakōkī ko te nuinga o te roopu tuawaru o te huānga whakarewa rangatira, e tauhohe ana i te pāmahana tauhohenga me te pehanga.I muri i te tukatuka i muri mai, ka whiwhi te hua hua vinyl acetate.Ko te whārite tauhohenga e whai ake nei:
Tauhohenga matua:

Painga taha:

Ko te tukanga wahanga kohu ethylene i whakawhanakehia tuatahi e Bayer Corporation, a, i whakauruhia ki roto i nga mahi ahumahi mo te hanga vinyl acetate i te tau 1968. I whakaturia nga raina whakaputa i Hearst me Bayer Corporation i Tiamana me te National Distillers Corporation i Amerika.Ko te nuinga o te palladium, te koura ranei e utaina ana i runga i nga tautoko waikawa waikawa, penei i nga pirepire gel silica me te radius o te 4-5mm, me te taapiri o te nui o te acetate pāhare pāporo, ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi me te whiriwhiringa o te whakakorikori.Ko te tukanga mo te whakahiato o te vinyl acetate ma te whakamahi i te ethylene vapor phase USI tikanga he rite ki te tikanga Bayer, ka wehea ki nga wahanga e rua: te synthesis me te distillation.Ko te tukanga USI i tutuki i te tono ahumahi i te 1969. Ko nga waahanga kaha o te whakakorikori ko te nuinga o te palladium me te platinum, a ko te awhina awhina ko te potassium acetate, e tautokohia ana i runga i te kawe alumina.Ko nga ahuatanga o te tauhohenga he ahua ngawari, he roa te oranga o te mahi, engari he iti te hua o te waahi-waahi.Ka whakatauritea ki te tikanga acetylene, kua tino pai ake te tikanga o te wahanga kohu ethylene i roto i te hangarau, a ko nga whakakorikori e whakamahia ana i roto i te tikanga ethylene kua pai ake te mahi me te whiriwhiringa.Heoi ano, me tirotiro tonu te tikanga o te tauhohenga me te wetewete.
Ko te hanga o te vinyl acetate ma te whakamahi i te tikanga ethylene e whakamahi ana i te reactor moenga tubular kua whakakiia ki te whakakorikori.Ka uru te hau kai ki roto i te reactor mai i runga, a ka pa atu ki te moenga whakakorikori, ka puta nga tauhohenga catalytic ki te whakaputa i te hua whai hua vinyl acetate me te iti o te waro hauhā.Na te ahua o waho o te tauhohenga, ka whakauruhia te wai pehanga ki roto i te taha anga o te reactor hei tango i te wera tauhohenga ma te whakamahi i te whakangote o te wai.
Ka whakatauritea ki te tikanga acetylene, ko te tikanga ethylene nga ahuatanga o te hanganga taputapu kiato, te whakaputanga nui, te iti o te whakapau kaha, me te iti o te parahanga, me te utu o te hua he iti ake i tera o te tikanga acetylene.He pai ake te kounga o te hua, a, kaore i te kino te ahuatanga o te pirau.No reira, ka huri haere te tikanga ethylene i te tikanga acetylene i muri i nga tau 1970.E ai ki nga tatauranga karekau i oti, tata ki te 70% o te VAc i hangaia ma te tikanga ethylene i te ao kua noho hei kaupapa matua mo nga tikanga whakaputa VAc.
I tenei wa, ko te hangarau hanga VAc tino matatau o te ao ko te BP's Leap Process me te Celanese's Vantage Process.Ka whakatauritea ki te tikanga ethylene wahanga mo te moenga mo te moenga, kua tino pai ake enei hangarau tukanga e rua i te reactor me te whakakorikori i te uho o te waeine, te whakapai ake i te ohanga me te haumaru o te mahi wae.
Kua whakawhanakehia e Celanese tetahi tukanga Vantage mo te moenga pumau hei whakatika i nga raru o te tohatoha moenga whakakorikori koretake me te iti o te ethylene huringa kotahi-ara i roto i nga reactor moenga.Ko te reactor i whakamahia i roto i tenei tukanga he moenga tonu, engari he nui nga whakapainga kua mahia ki te punaha whakakorikori, me nga taputapu whakaora ethylene kua whakauruhia ki roto i te hau hiku, ka hinga i nga ngoikoretanga o nga tikanga mo te moenga pumau.Ko te hua o te hua vinyl acetate he tino teitei ake i tera o nga taputapu rite.Ko te whakakorikori tukanga e whakamahi ana i te konukawata hei waahanga kaha matua, te silica gel hei kawe whakakorikori, te konutai citrate hei kaihoko whakaheke, me etahi atu konganuku awhina penei i te lanthanide onge whenua penei i te praseodymium me te neodymium.Ka whakatauritea ki nga whakakorikori tuku iho, ka pai ake te whiriwhiringa, te ngohe, me te hua mokowhiti o te whakakorikori.
Kua whakawhanakehia e BP Amoco he tukanga wahanga hau ethylene mo te moenga, e mohiotia ana ko te tukanga Leap Process, a kua hanga he 250 kt/he wae moenga wai i Hull, Ingarangi.Ma te whakamahi i tenei tukanga ki te whakaputa i te acetate vinyl ka taea te whakaiti i te utu whakaputa i te 30%, a ko te wa waahi o te waahi o te whakakorikori (1858-2744 g / (L · h-1)) he nui ake i tera o te tukanga moenga kua whakaritea (700). -1200 g/(L · h-1)).
Ka whakamahi te tukanga LeapProcess i te reactor moenga mo te wa tuatahi, e whai ake nei nga painga ki te whakataurite ki te reactor moenga moenga:
1) I roto i te reactor moenga wai, ka uru tonu te whakakorikori me te whakakotahitanga, na reira ka whai waahi ki te tohatoha rite o te kaiwhakatairanga me te whakarite kia rite te kukū o te kaiwhakatairanga i roto i te reactor.
2) Ka taea e te reactor moenga te whakakapi tonu i te whakakorikori kua whakakorehia me te whakakorikori hou i raro i nga tikanga whakahaere.
3) He pumau tonu te pāmahana tauhohenga o te moenga, me te whakaiti i te whakakorenga whakakorikori na te wera nui o te rohe, na reira ka roa ake te oranga o te whakakorikori.
4) Ko te tikanga tango wera e whakamahia ana i roto i te reactor moenga wīwī ka whakangāwari i te hanganga reactor me te whakaiti i tona rōrahi.I etahi atu kupu, ka taea te whakamahi i te hoahoa reactor kotahi mo nga whakaurunga matū nui-nui, ka tino pai ake te pai o te tauine o te taputapu.