Ko te MMA, e mohiotia ana ko te methyl methacrylate, he rauemi mata nui mo te hanga polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), e mohiotia ana ano he kiriaku.Na te whanaketanga o te whakatikatika ahumahi a PMMA, kua turakina whakamuri te whanaketanga o te mekameka umanga MMA.E ai ki te rangahau, e toru nga tikanga whakaputa auraki o te MMA, ko te tikanga acetone cyanohydrin (ACH tikanga), te ethylene carbonylation me te isobutylene oxidation tikanga (C4 tikanga).I tenei wa, ko te tikanga ACH me te tikanga C4 te nuinga e whakamahia ana i roto i nga umanga whakaputa Hainamana, a kaore he waahanga hanga ahumahi mo te tikanga ethylene carbonylation.

Ko ta maatau rangahau mo te mekameka uara MMA e tātari ana i nga tikanga whakangao e toru o runga ake nei, me te hekenga utu nui o te PMMA o raro.

Whakaaturanga 1 Rere tūtohi o te mekameka ahumahi MMA me nga tukanga rereke (Photo source: Ahumahi matū)

Raina Ahumahi I: Tikanga ACH mekameka uara MMA
I roto i te tukanga whakaputa o te tikanga ACH MMA, ko nga rauemi mata nui ko te acetone me te waikawa hydrocyanic, kei reira te waikawa hydrocyanic ka puta mai i te hua o te acrylonitrile, me te methanol awhina, no reira ka whakamahia e te umanga te acetone, acrylonitrile me te methanol hei utu mo te tatau te hanganga o nga rauemi mata.I roto i era, 0.69 tone acetone me te 0.32 tone acrylonitrile me te 0.35 tone methanol e kiia ana hei kai wae.I roto i te hanganga utu o te tikanga ACH MMA, ko te utu acetone te waahanga nui rawa atu, ka whai ko te waikawa hydrocyanic i hua mai i te hua o te acrylonitrile, me te methanol mo te waahanga iti rawa.

E ai ki te whakamatautau hononga utu o te acetone, methanol me te acrylonitrile i roto i nga tau e toru kua pahure ake nei, ka kitea ko te hononga o te tikanga ACH MMA me te acetone kei te 19%, me te methanol kei te 57% a e ai ki te acrylonitrile kei te 18%.Ka kitea he waahi kei waenganui i tenei me te utu utu i roto i te MMA, kei reira te waahi nui o te acetone mo te utu o te MMA e kore e taea te whakaatu i roto i ona rereketanga utu i runga i nga rereketanga o te utu o te tikanga ACH MMA, i te mea ko nga rereketanga o te utu. he nui ake te paanga o te methanol ki te utu o te MMA i te acetone.

Heoi, ko te utu o te methanol kei te 7% noa iho, ko te utu mo te acetone he 26%.Mo te rangahau mo te mekameka uara o MMA, he mea nui ake te titiro ki nga huringa utu o te acetone.

I te katoa, ko te mekameka uara o te ACH MMA te nuinga ka ahu mai i nga rereketanga o te utu o te acetone me te methanol, i roto i enei ko te acetone te paanga nui ki te uara o te MMA.

Ahumahi mekameka II: C4 tikanga MMA mekameka uara

Mo te mekameka uara o te tikanga C4 MMA, ko ona rauemi mata he isobutylene me te methanol, i roto i enei ko te isobutylene he hua isobutylene tino parakore, ka puta mai i te hanga pakaru MTBE.A ko te methanol he hua methanol ahumahi, ka puta mai i te hanga waro.

E ai ki te hanganga utu o C4 MMA, ko te 0.82 te utu rerekee te kohi waeine isobutene me te methanol he 0.35.Na te ahunga whakamua o nga tangata katoa i roto i te hangarau whakaputa, kua whakahekehia te kohi o te waeine ki te 0.8 i roto i te umanga, kua whakahekehia te utu o te C4 MMA ki etahi waahanga.Ko te toenga he utu tuturu, penei i te utu wai, te hiko me te hau, te utu putea, te utu mo te parapara wai me etahi atu.

I roto i tenei, ko te wahanga o te isobutylene teitei-pure i roto i te utu o te MMA e tata ana ki te 58%, me te wahanga o te methanol i te utu o te MMA he 6%.Ka taea te kite ko te isobutene te utu rereke nui rawa atu i roto i te C4 MMA, kei reira te rereketanga o te utu o te isobutene he nui te paanga ki te utu o C4 MMA.

Ko te paanga o te mekameka uara mo te isobutene parakore teitei ka hoki mai ki te rerekee o te utu o te MTBE, e pau ana i te 1.57 te kohi wae me te nui atu i te 80% o te utu mo te isobutene parakore teitei.Ko te utu mo te MTBE ka puta mai i te methanol me te pre-ether C4, ka taea te hono te hanganga o te pre-ether C4 ki te kai whangai mo te mekameka uara.

I tua atu, me tohu ka taea te whakaputa i te isobutene parakore teitei e te tert-butanol dehydration, a ka whakamahia e etahi hinonga tert-butanol hei turanga mo te tatauranga utu MMA, a ko tana kohinga o te tert-butanol he 1.52.E ai ki te tatauranga o te tert-butanol 6200 yuan / ton, tert-butanol e pa ana ki te 70% o te utu MMA, he nui ake i te isobutene.

I etahi atu kupu, mehemea ka whakamahia te hononga utu o te tert-butanol, ko te rereke o te mekameka uara o te tikanga C4 MMA, ko te taumaha awe o te tert-butanol he nui ake i te isobutene.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, i roto i te C4 MMA, ko te taumaha o te awe mo te rereketanga o te uara ka tohua mai i te teitei ki te iti: tert-butanol, isobutene, MTBE, methanol, hinu hinu.

Raina ahumahi III: Ethylene carbonylation MMA mekameka uara

Karekau he take whakangao MMA na te warowaiwhana ethylene i Haina, na reira kaore e taea te whakapae i te paheketanga o te uara e te hanga ahumahi.Heoi, e ai ki te kohi wae o te ethylene i roto i te ethylene carbonylation, ko te ethylene te paanga utu nui ki te hanganga utu MMA o tenei mahi, neke atu i te 85%.

 
Te mekameka ahumahi IV: te mekameka uara PMMA

Ko te PMMA, ko te hua matua o raro o te MMA, neke atu i te 70% o te kai a-tau o MMA.

E ai ki te hanganga mekameka uara o PMMA, i roto i nei te kohi kōwae kohi o MMA ko 0.93, MMA kua tātai rite ki 13,400 yuan/ton me te PMMA te rite ki te 15,800 yuan/ton, te utu rerekē o MMA i roto i te PMMA pūkete hoki e pā ana ki 79%, he nui te paheketanga.

I etahi atu kupu, ko te rereketanga o te utu o te MMA he kaha te awe ki te rereketanga o te uara o te PMMA, he kaha te awe hononga.E ai ki te hononga o te rereketanga o te utu i waenga i nga mea e rua i roto i nga tau e toru kua pahure ake nei, ko te hononga i waenga i nga mea e rua kua neke ake i te 82%, no te awe o te hononga kaha.Na reira, ko te rereketanga o te utu o te MMA ka puta te rereketanga o te utu o te PMMA i te huarahi kotahi me te tupono nui.