Ko te Methyl methacrylate (MMA) he matū matū tino nui me te monomer polymer, te nuinga e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga o te karaihe pararopi, te whakakikorua i nga kirihou, te kiriaku, te paninga me nga taonga polymer mahi ho'oraa, me etahi atu mea he rauemi teitei mo te aerospace, nga korero hiko, te muka whatu, nga robotics me etahi atu mara.

Ka rite ki te monomer rauemi, MMA te nuinga whakamahia i roto i te hanga o te polymethyl methacrylate (nuitia mohiotia rite plexiglass, PMMA), a ka taea hoki te copolymerized ki ētahi atu pūhui vinyl ki te whiwhi hua ki te āhuatanga rerekē, pērā i mo te hanga o te polyvinyl pūhaumāota (PVC) tāpiritanga ACR, MBS me rite te monomer tuarua i roto i te hanga o kiriaku.

I tenei wa, e toru nga momo tukanga pakeke mo te hanga MMA i te kainga me nga whenua o waho: te ara esterification methacrylamide hydrolysis (te tikanga acetone cyanohydrin me te tikanga methacrylonitrile), te ara o te isobutylene oxidation (te tukanga Mitsubishi me te tukanga Asahi Kasei) me te huarahi whakahiato ethylene carbonyl (te tikanga BASF me te tikanga Lucite Alpha).

1, Methacrylamide hydrolysis ara esterification
Ko tenei ara ko te tikanga hanga MMA tuku iho, tae atu ki te tikanga acetone cyanohydrin me te tikanga methacrylonitrile, e rua i muri i te methacrylamide takawaenga hydrolysis, esterification synthesis o MMA.

(1) Tikanga Acetone cyanohydrin (tikanga ACH)

Ko te tikanga ACH, i whakawhanakehia tuatahi e te US Lucite, ko te tikanga whakangao ahumahi tuatahi o MMA, a ko te tikanga hanga MMA auraki i te ao i naianei. Ka whakamahia e tenei tikanga te acetone, te waikawa hydrocyanic, te waikawa sulfuric me te methanol hei rauemi mata, a, ko nga taahiraa tauhohenga ko: te tauhohenga cyanohydrinization, te tauhohenga amidation me te tauhohenga hauhautanga hydrolysis.

Ko te tukanga ACH he mea tino pakeke, engari he kino enei e whai ake nei:

○ Ko te whakamahi i te waikawa hydrocyanic tino paitini, e tika ana kia tino tiaki i te waa rokiroki, kawe me te whakamahi;

○ Na roto i te hanga o te nui o te toenga waikawa (te wairewa wai me te waikawa sulfuric me te ammonium bisulfate hei waahanga matua me te iti o nga mea waro), ko te nui o te 2.5 ~ 3.5 nga wa o te MMA, a he tino puna o te poke o te taiao;

o Na te whakamahinga o te waikawa sulfuric, ka hiahiatia nga taputapu anti-corrosion, me te hanga o te taputapu he utu nui.

(2) Tikanga Methacrylonitrile (tikanga MAN)

Kua whakawhanakehia e Asahi Kasei te tukanga methacrylonitrile (MAN) i runga i te huarahi ACH, ara, ko te isobutylene, ko te tert-butanol ranei, ka waikurahia e te haukini ki te whiwhi MAN, ka tauhohe ki te waikawa sulfuric ki te whakaputa methacrylamide, ka tauhohe ki te waikawa sulfuric me te methanol ki te whakaputa MMA. kei roto i te huarahi MAN te tauhohenga o te haukinia haukini, te tauhohenga amidation me te tauhohenga hauhautanga hydrolysis, ka taea te whakamahi i te nuinga o nga taputapu o te tipu ACH. Ko te tauhohenga hydrolysis e whakamahi ana i te nui o te waikawa sulfuric, a ko te hua o te methacrylamide takawaenga he tata ki te 100%. Engari, ko te tikanga he tino paitini nga hua o te waikawa hydrocyanic, ko te waikawa hydrocyanic me te waikawa sulfuric he tino kino, he tino tiketike nga whakaritenga taputapu tauhohenga, i te mea he tino nui nga kino o te taiao.

2、 ara whakapouri Isobutylene
Ko te waikura Isobutylene te huarahi hangarau pai mo nga kamupene nui o te ao na te kaha o te kaha me te whakamarumaru o te taiao, engari he tiketike tona paepae hangarau, a ko Japan anake te hangarau i te ao me te aukati i te hangarau ki Haina. Kei roto i te tikanga e rua nga momo tukanga Mitsubishi me te tukanga Asahi Kasei.

(1) Tukatuka Mitsubishi (tikanga toru-taahiraa isobutylene)

I whakawhanakehia e te Mitsubishi Rayon o Hapani he tukanga hou hei whakaputa MMA mai i te isobutylene, tert-butanol ranei hei rauemi mata, rua-taahiraa maataki ma te hau ki te tango i te waikawa methacrylic (MAA), katahi ka whakamaarama ki te methanol. I muri i te ahumahi o Mitsubishi Rayon, Japan Asahi Kasei Company, Japan Kyoto Monomer Company, Korea Lucky Company, me etahi atu kua mohio ki te ahumahi tetahi i muri i tetahi. He maha nga rauemi a te Roopu Shanghai Huayi o te kaainga i haumi, a, i muri i nga tau 15 o nga mahi tonu me te kore e mutu o nga whakatipuranga e rua, kua angitu te whakawhanake takitahi i te rua-taahiraa o te whakapouritanga me te whakamaaramatanga o te hangarau MMA whakangao isobutylene ma, a, i te marama o Hakihea 2017, ka oti, ka mahia e ia he 50,000-tone te rahi o te tipu o te kamupene MMA i roto i te kamupene o Yuhuu Dongi Huming. Heze, Porowini o Shandong, ka pakaru te mana hangarau o Hapani, ka noho ko ia anake te kamupene me tenei hangarau i Haina. hangarau, ka hanga ano a Haina te whenua tuarua ki te whai i te hangarau ahumahi mo te hanga MAA me te MMA ma te oxidation o te isobutylene.

(2) Tukatuka Asahi Kasei (tukatuka rua-taahiraa isobutylene)

Kua roa a Asahi Kasei Corporation o Hapani e whakapau kaha ana ki te whakawhanaketanga o te tikanga esterification tika mo te hanga MMA, i pai te whakawhanake me te whakauru ki te mahi i te tau 1999 me te 60,000-ton te tipu ahumahi i Kawasaki, Japan, a i muri mai ka piki ake ki te 100,000 taranata. Ko te ara hangarau he rua-taahiraa tauhohenga, ara, ko te waikura o te isobutylene, tert-butanol ranei i roto i te wahanga hau i raro i te mahi a te Mo-Bi composite oxide catalyst ki te whakaputa i te methacrolein (MAL), ka whai i te esterification oxidative o MAL i roto i te wahanga wai i raro i te mahi a te Pd-Pb catalyst ki te whakaputa tika i te MMA, kei reira te huarahi MMA ki te whakaputa tika i te MMA. Ko te tikanga o te mahi a Asahi Kasei he ngawari, e rua noa nga waahanga o te tauhohenga me te wai anake hei hua-a-hua, he mea kaakaariki me te taiao, engari ko te hoahoa me te whakarite o te whakakorikori he tino hiahia. E ai ki te korero kua whakahoutia te whakakorikori waikura a Asahi Kasei mai i te reanga tuatahi o Pd-Pb ki te reanga hou o te whakakorikori Au-Ni.

I muri i te ahumahi o te hangarau Asahi Kasei, mai i te 2003 ki te 2008, ka timata nga whare rangahau o roto i te rangahau i tenei waahanga, me te maha o nga waahanga penei i te Hebei Normal University, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin University me Harbin Engineering University e arotahi ana ki te whakawhanaketanga me te whakapai ake o nga Pd-Pb catalysts, me era atu. Dalian Institute o Chemical Engineering, Hainamana Academy o Pūtaiao, kua hanga nui te ahunga whakamua i roto i te ako pairati iti, oti te arotautanga o te mitanano-koura tukanga whakakōkī whakakōkī, tirotiro huru tauhohenga me te whakamohoa poutū roa-huringa mahi whakamātautau aro mātai, a kei te kaha mahi tahi me hinonga ki te whakawhanake hangarau ahumahi.

3, ara whakahiato ethylene carbonyl
Ko te hangarau o te whakahiato ara ethylene carbonyl ko te mahi ahumahi ko te tukanga BASF me te tukanga methyl ester waikawa ethylene-propionic.

(1) tikanga waikawa ethylene-propionic (te tukanga BASF)

E wha nga kaupae o te tukanga: ko te ethylene te hydroformylated ki te whiwhi propionaldehyde, te propionaldehyde ka whakapoapoa ki te formaldehyde hei whakaputa i te MAL, ko te MAL he hau i roto i te reactor tubular-moenga hei whakaputa i te MAA, ka wehea, ka purea te MAA ki te whakaputa MMA ma te esterification ki te methanol. Ko te tauhohenga te mahi matua. E wha nga taahiraa e hiahiatia ana e te tukanga, he ahua uaua, he nui nga taputapu me te utu haumi nui, ko te painga ko te utu iti o nga rawa mata.

Kua puta ano nga pakaruhanga o te kainga i roto i te whanaketanga hangarau o te whakahiato ethylene-propylene-formaldehyde o MMA. 2017, Shanghai Huayi Group Company, i roto i te mahi tahi me Nanjing NOAO New Materials Company me te Whare Wananga o Tianjin, i oti te whakamatautau pairati o te 1,000 tone o te propylene-formaldehyde condensation me te formaldehyde ki te methacrolein me te whakawhanaketanga o te putea tukanga mo te tipu ahumahi 90,000-ton. I tua atu, ko te Institute of Process Engineering o te Hainamana Academy of Sciences, i te mahi tahi me Henan Energy and Chemical Group, i oti i te 1,000-ton te tipu pairati ahumahi me te tutuki pai te mahi i te tau 2018.

(2) Tukatuka Ethylene-methyl propionate (Tuhinga Lucite Alpha)

He ngawari nga tikanga whakahaere a Lucite Alpha, he nui te hua o te hua, he iti te haumi o te tipu me nga utu rauemi mata, a he ngawari te mahi nui o te waahanga kotahi, i tenei wa ko Lucite anake te mana whakahaere o tenei hangarau i te ao, kaore i te whakawhiti ki te ao o waho.

Kua wehea te tukanga Alpha kia rua nga waahanga:

Ko te mahi tuatahi ko te tauhohenga o te ethylene me te CO me te mewaro hei whakaputa i te methyl propionate

te whakamahi i te palladium homogeneous carbonylation catalyst, kei a ia nga ahuatanga o te mahi teitei, te whiriwhiringa teitei (99.9%) me te roa o te ratonga mahi, a ka mahia te urupare i raro i nga tikanga ngawari, he iti ake te kino ki te taputapu me te whakaiti i te haumi whakapaipai hanga;

Ko te mahi tuarua ko te tauhohenga o te methyl propionate me te formaldehyde hei hanga MMA

Ka whakamahia he whakakorikori wahanga-maha, he nui te whiriwhiringa MMA. I nga tau kua pahure ake nei, kua whakapau kaha nga umanga a-whare ki te whakawhanaketanga hangarau o te methyl propionate me te formaldehyde condensation ki MMA, a kua nui te ahunga whakamua i roto i te whakakorikori me te whanaketanga o te tukanga tauhohenga-moenga, engari kaore ano kia eke te ora whakakorikori ki nga whakaritenga mo nga tono ahumahi.