Ko te Methyl methacrylate (MMA) he matū matū tino nui me te monomer polymer, i te nuinga o te waa e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga o te karaihe pararopi, te whakakikorua i nga kirihou, te kiriaku, te paninga me nga taonga polymer mahi rongoa, me etahi atu. korero, muka whatu, karetao me etahi atu mara.

Hei monomer rauemi, ka whakamahia te nuinga o te MMA ki te hanga o te polymethyl methacrylate (e mohiotia ana ko te plexiglass, PMMA), ka taea hoki te copolymerized me etahi atu puhui vinyl ki te whiwhi hua he rereke nga ahuatanga, penei mo te hanga o te polyvinyl chloride (PVC). ) tāpiringa ACR, MBS me te monomer tuarua i roto i te hanga kiriaku.

I tenei wa, e toru nga momo tukanga pakeke mo te hanga MMA i te kainga me o waho: te ara esterification methacrylamide hydrolysis (te tikanga acetone cyanohydrin me te tikanga methacrylonitrile), te ara whakapouri isobutylene (te tukanga Mitsubishi me te tukanga Asahi Kasei) me te huarahi whakahiato ethylene carbonyl ( tikanga BASF me te tikanga Lucite Alpha).

1, Methacrylamide hydrolysis ara esterification
Ko tenei ara ko te tikanga hanga MMA tuku iho, tae atu ki te tikanga acetone cyanohydrin me te tikanga methacrylonitrile, e rua i muri i te methacrylamide takawaenga hydrolysis, esterification synthesis o MMA.

(1) Tikanga Acetone cyanohydrin (tikanga ACH)

Ko te tikanga ACH, i whakawhanakehia tuatahi e te US Lucite, ko te tikanga whakangao ahumahi tuatahi o MMA, a ko te tikanga hanga MMA auraki hoki o te ao i naianei.Ka whakamahia e tenei tikanga te acetone, te waikawa hydrocyanic, te waikawa sulfuric me te methanol hei rauemi mata, a, ko nga waahanga tauhohenga ko: te tauhohenga cyanohydrinization, te tauhohenga amidation me te tauhohenga hauhautanga hydrolysis.

Ko te tukanga ACH he mea tino pakeke, engari he kino enei e whai ake nei:

○ Ko te whakamahi i te waikawa hydrocyanic tino paitini, e tika ana kia tino tiaki i te waa rokiroki, kawe me te whakamahi;

○ Ma te whakaputa i te nui o te toenga waikawa (te wairewa wai me te waikawa sulfuric me te ammonium bisulfate hei waahanga matua me te iti o nga mea waro), ko te nui o enei ko te 2.5 ~ 3.5 nga wa o te MMA, a he tino kino. puna o te parahanga taiao;

o Na te whakamahinga o te waikawa sulfuric, ka hiahiatia nga taputapu anti-corrosion, me te hanga o te taputapu he utu nui.

(2) Tikanga Methacrylonitrile (tikanga MAN)

Kua whakawhanakehia e Asahi Kasei te tukanga methacrylonitrile (MAN) i runga i te huarahi ACH, ara, ko te isobutylene, tert-butanol ranei, ka waikurahia e te haukini ki te whiwhi MAN, ka tauhohe ki te waikawa pungatara ki te whakaputa methacrylamide, ka tauhohe ki te waikawa sulfuric me te methanol ki te whakaputa. MMA.kei roto i te huarahi MAN te tauhohenga o te haukinia haukini, te tauhohenga amidation me te tauhohenga hauhautanga hydrolysis, ka taea te whakamahi i te nuinga o nga taputapu o te tipu ACH.Ko te tauhohenga hydrolysis e whakamahi ana i te nui o te waikawa sulfuric, a ko te hua o te methacrylamide takawaenga he tata ki te 100%.Engari, ko te tikanga he tino paitini nga hua o te waikawa hydrocyanic, ko te waikawa hydrocyanic me te waikawa sulfuric he tino kino, he tino tiketike nga whakaritenga taputapu tauhohenga, i te mea he tino nui nga kino o te taiao.

2、 ara whakapouri Isobutylene
Ko te waikura Isobutylene te huarahi hangarau pai mo nga kamupene nui o te ao na te kaha o te kaha me te whakamarumaru o te taiao, engari he tiketike tona paepae hangarau, a ko Japan anake te hangarau i te ao me te aukati i te hangarau ki Haina.Kei roto i te tikanga e rua nga momo tukanga Mitsubishi me te tukanga Asahi Kasei.

(1) Tukatuka Mitsubishi (tikanga toru-taahiraa isobutylene)

I whakawhanakehia e te Mitsubishi Rayon o Hapani he tukanga hou hei whakaputa MMA mai i te isobutylene, tert-butanol ranei hei rauemi mata, rua-taahiraa maataki ma te hau ki te tango i te waikawa methacrylic (MAA), katahi ka whakamaarama ki te methanol.I muri i te ahumahi o Mitsubishi Rayon, Japan Asahi Kasei Company, Japan Kyoto Monomer Company, Korea Lucky Company, me etahi atu kua mohio ki te ahumahi tetahi i muri i tetahi.He maha nga rauemi a te Roopu Shanghai Huayi i roto i te kaainga, a, i muri i nga tau 15 o te whakapau kaha me te kore e mutu o nga whakatipuranga e rua, i angitu te whakawhanake motuhake i te rua-taahiraa o te hauhautanga me te esterification o te hangarau MMA whakangao isobutylene ma, me te Hakihea 2017 , ka oti, ka whakatinanahia he tipu ahumahi MMA 50,000-ton i roto i tana kamupene mahi tahi a Dongming Huayi Yuhuang kei Heze, te Porowini o Shandong, ka pakaru te mana hangarau o Hapani, ka noho ko ia anake te kamupene me tenei hangarau i Haina.hangarau, ka hanga ano a Haina te whenua tuarua ki te whai i te hangarau ahumahi mo te hanga MAA me te MMA ma te oxidation o te isobutylene.

(2) Tukatuka Asahi Kasei (tukatuka rua-taahiraa isobutylene)

Kua roa a Asahi Kasei Corporation o Hapani e whakapau kaha ana ki te whakawhanaketanga o te tikanga esterification tika mo te hanga MMA, i pai te whakawhanake me te whakauru ki te mahi i te tau 1999 me te 60,000-ton te tipu ahumahi i Kawasaki, Japan, a i muri mai ka piki ake ki te 100,000 taranata.Ko te huarahi hangarau ko te tauhohenga e rua-taahiraa, ara ko te oxidation o te isobutylene, tert-butanol ranei i roto i te wahanga hau i raro i te mahi a te Mo-Bi composite oxide catalyst ki te whakaputa i te methacrolein (MAL), ka whai i te esterification oxidative o MAL i roto i te te wahanga wai i raro i te mahi a te Pd-Pb catalyst ki te whakaputa tika i te MMA, kei reira ko te esterification oxidative o MAL te mahi matua i tenei huarahi ki te whakaputa MMA.Ko te tikanga o te mahi a Asahi Kasei he ngawari, e rua noa nga waahanga o te tauhohenga me te wai anake hei hua-a-hua, he mea kaakaariki me te taiao, engari ko te hoahoa me te whakarite o te whakakorikori he tino hiahia.E ai ki te korero kua whakahoutia te whakakorikori waikura a Asahi Kasei mai i te reanga tuatahi o Pd-Pb ki te reanga hou o te whakakorikori Au-Ni.

I muri i te ahumahi o te hangarau Asahi Kasei, mai i te 2003 ki te 2008, i timata nga whare rangahau a-whare i te ruuma rangahau i tenei rohe, me etahi waahanga penei i te Hebei Normal University, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin University me Harbin Engineering University e arotahi ana. i runga i te whanaketanga me te whakapai ake o nga whakakorikori Pd-Pb, me etahi atu. I muri mai i te tau 2015, ka tiimata te rangahau a-whare i runga i nga miihini Au-Ni. ako pairati iti, oti te arotautanga o te mitanano-koura tukanga whakakōkī whakakōkī, tirotiro huru tauhohenga me te whakamohoa poutū whakamātautau aro mātai mahi roa-huringa, a kei te kaha mahi tahi me hinonga ki te whakawhanake hangarau ahumahi.

3, ara whakahiato ethylene carbonyl
Ko te hangarau o te whakahiato ara ethylene carbonyl ko te mahi ahumahi ko te tukanga BASF me te tukanga methyl ester waikawa ethylene-propionic.

(1) tikanga waikawa ethylene-propionic (te tukanga BASF)

E wha nga kaupae o te tukanga: ko te ethylene te hydroformylated ki te whiwhi propionaldehyde, te propionaldehyde ka whakapoapoa ki te formaldehyde hei whakaputa i te MAL, ko te MAL he hau i roto i te reactor tubular-moenga hei hanga MAA, ka wehea, ka purea a MAA ki te whakaputa MMA ma te esterification. mewaro.Ko te tauhohenga te mahi matua.E wha nga taahiraa e hiahiatia ana e te tukanga, he ahua uaua, he nui nga taputapu me te utu haumi nui, ko te painga ko te utu iti o nga rawa mata.

Kua puta ano nga pakaruhanga o te kainga i roto i te whanaketanga hangarau o te whakahiato ethylene-propylene-formaldehyde o MMA.2017, Shanghai Huayi Group Company, i roto i te mahi tahi me Nanjing NOAO New Materials Company me te Whare Wananga o Tianjin, i oti te whakamatautau pairati o te 1,000 tons o te propylene-formaldehyde condensation me te formaldehyde ki te methacrolein me te whakawhanaketanga o te putea tukanga mo te tipu ahumahi 90,000-ton.I tua atu, ko te Institute of Process Engineering o te Hainamana Academy of Sciences, i te mahi tahi me Henan Energy and Chemical Group, i oti i te 1,000-ton te tipu pairati ahumahi me te tutuki pai te mahi i te tau 2018.

(2) Tukatuka Ethylene-methyl propionate (Tuhinga Lucite Alpha)

He ngawari nga tikanga whakahaere a Lucite Alpha, he nui te hua, he iti te haumi o nga tipu me nga utu rauemi mata, a he ngawari te mahi nui o te waahanga kotahi, i tenei wa ko Lucite anake te mana whakahaere o tenei hangarau i te ao, kaore he kua whakawhitia ki te ao o waho.

Kua wehea te tukanga Alpha kia rua nga waahanga:

Ko te mahi tuatahi ko te tauhohenga o te ethylene me te CO me te mewaro hei whakaputa i te methyl propionate

te whakamahi i te palladium homogeneous carbonylation catalyst, kei a ia nga ahuatanga o te mahi teitei, te whiriwhiringa teitei (99.9%) me te roa o te ratonga mahi, a ka whakahaerehia te urupare i raro i nga tikanga ngawari, he iti ake te kino ki te taputapu me te whakaiti i te haumi whakapaipai hanga. ;

Ko te mahi tuarua ko te tauhohenga o te methyl propionate me te formaldehyde hei hanga MMA

Ka whakamahia he whakakorikori wahanga-maha, he nui te whiriwhiringa MMA.I nga tau tata nei, kua whakapau kaha nga umanga a-whare ki te whakawhanaketanga hangarau o te methyl propionate me te formaldehyde condensation ki te MMA, a kua nui te ahunga whakamua i roto i te whakakorikori me te whanaketanga o te tukanga tauhohenga-moenga, engari kaore ano kia eke te ora whakakorikori ki nga whakaritenga mo te ahumahi. tono.